Impact of SumiLarv® 2MR on Aedes aegypti larvae: a multicenter study in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Aedes aegypti is associated with dengue, Zika, and chikungunya transmission. These arboviruses are responsible for national outbreaks with severe public health implications. Vector control is one of the tools used to prevent mosquito proliferation, and SumiLarv® 2MR is an alternative commercial product based on pyriproxyfen for larval/pupal control. In this study, the residual effectiveness of SumiLarv® 2MR in different regions of Brazil was evaluated in simulated field conditions. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter study across four Brazilian states-Amapá, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo-given the importance to the country's climatic variances in the north, northeast, and southeast regions and their influence on product efficiency. The populations of Ae. aegypti from each location were held in an insectary. Third-instar larvae (L3) were added every 2 weeks to water containers with SumiLarv® 2MR discs in 250-, 500- and 1000-l containers in Amapá and Rio de Janeiro, and 100-l containers in Pernambuco and São Paulo, using concentrations of 0.04, 0.08, and 0.16 mg/l. RESULTS: Adult emergence inhibition over 420 days was observed in all tests conducted at a concentration of 0.16 mg/l; inhibition for 308-420 days was observed for 0.08 mg/l, and 224-420 days for 0.04 mg/l. CONCLUSIONS: Sumilarv® 2MR residual activity demonstrated in this study suggests that this new pyriproxyfen formulation is a promising alternative for Aedes control, regardless of climatic variations and ideal concentration, since the SumiLarv® 2MR showed adult emergence inhibition of over 80% and residual activity greater than 6 months, a period longer than that recommended by the Ministry of Health of Brazil between product re-application in larval breeding sites.

Poverty-Food Insecurity Nexus in the Post-Construction Context of a Large Hydropower Dam in the Brazilian Amazon.

Within the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, large hydropower dams are positioned as a sustainable energy source, notwithstanding their adverse impacts on societies and ecosystems. This study contributed to ongoing discussions about the persistence of critical social issues, even after the investments of large amounts of resources in areas impacted by the construction of large hydropower dams. Our study focused on food insecurity and evaluated this issue in the city of Altamira in the Brazilian Amazon, which has been profoundly socially and economically impacted by the construction, between 2011 and 2015, of Brazil's second-largest dam, namely, Belo Monte. A survey in Altamira city featured a 500-household random sample. Structural equation modeling showed conditioning factors of 60% of the population experiencing varying food insecurity degrees. Poverty, female-led households, lower education, youth, and unemployment were strongly linked to higher food insecurity. Crowded, officially impacted, and resettled households also faced heightened food insecurity. Our findings underscore the food insecurity conditions in the region impacted by the Belo Monte dam, emphasizing the need to take into account this crucial issue while planning and implementing hydropower dams.

Assessing physiological responses and oxidative stress effects in Rhamdia voulezi exposed to high temperatures.

Exposure to high temperatures induces changes in fish respiration, resulting in an increased production of reactive oxygen species. This, in turn, affects the enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of antioxidant defenses, which are essential for mitigating cellular stress. Rhamdia voulezi, an economically important fish species endemic to Brazil's Iguaçu River, served as the subject of our study. Our goal was to assess enzymatic antioxidant biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), non-protein thiol levels (reduced glutathione), and markers of oxidative damage (lipoperoxidation and carbonylation) in the liver, gills, and kidneys of R. voulezi after acute exposure to high temperatures (31°C) for 2, 6, 12, 24, and 96 h. Control groups were maintained at 21°C. Our findings revealed that the liver exhibited increased superoxide dismutase levels up to 12 h and elevated glutathione S-transferase levels at 12 and 96 h at 31°C. In the gills, superoxide dismutase levels increased up to 24 h, along with increased lipoperoxidation at 2, 6, 12, and 96 h of exposure to high temperatures. The kidneys responded to heat stress at 12 h, with an increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and lipid peroxidation was observed at 2 and 6 h at 31°C. The three tissues evaluated responded differently to heat stress, with the liver demonstrating greater physiological adjustment to high temperatures. The intricate interplay of various antioxidant defense biomarkers and oxidative damage suggests the presence of oxidative stress in R. voulezi when exposed to high temperatures.

Social networking website increases efficacy and engagement in a distance learning course about oral lesions.

PURPOSE: Distance learning appears to be an attractive approach to continuing education courses, but one barrier is maintaining learner engagement throughout the course. The primary aim of this research was to evaluate the operational efficacy of a private Facebook™ group (FG) in serving as a support mechanism for distance learning courses, and its impact on three fundamental dimensions: the attrition rates of participants who did not complete the course (commonly referred to as dropout rates), the rates of course completion and approval, and the overall performance of the participants. METHODS: The participants of this quasi-experimental study comprised 159 dental students and 565 dentists enrolled in an e-learning course on oral mucosal lesion diagnosis. Prior to the initiation of the course, all participants were provided with the option to join a private FG. Within this group, moderators shared motivational messages and provided reminders concerning deadlines. Moreover, participants had the opportunity to engage in interactive discussions pertaining to topics related to the course. The course itself followed a self-guided format, employing the flipped-classroom methodology, spanning a total of 50 instructional hours. In order to assess the effectiveness of the course, participants were presented with photographs illustrating 30 oral lesions and were asked to propose diagnostic hypotheses both before and after the educational intervention (pre-tests and post-tests). RESULTS: Dentists who participated in the FG exhibited a significantly lower rate of discontinuation. As for dental students, their involvement in the group was positively associated with better performance, as determined by the percentage of accurate diagnostic hypotheses (a minimum of 70% correct responses was required for their approval in the course). CONCLUSIONS: Facebook™ demonstrates promise as a supplementary pedagogical tool in distance education courses. The interactive nature of the platform has the potential to alleviate the inherent challenges of remote learning.

Efeitos do lockdown na incidência da COVID-19 na fase de emergência sanitária da pandemia / Effects of lockdown on COVID-19 incidence in the health emergency phase of the pandemic

RESUMO Objetivo avaliar os efeitos do lockdown na incidência da COVID-19 na fase de emergência sanitária da pandemia. Métodos trata-se de um estudo ecológico transversal. Os dados foram coletados nas páginas da Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados e da Prefeitura Municipal de Araraquara. Para analisar a incidência da COVID-19 foram considerados os casos notificados no referido município. Para comparar os períodos em relação aos casos diários, foi utilizado o modelo de regressão com distribuição binomial-negativa com função de ligação logarítmica. Resultados para todas as faixas etárias, com exceção de menores de 20 anos, verificou-se diferença estatística nos coeficientes de incidência. Para o sexo feminino o declínio na incidência da doença foi mais expressivo. Considerando ambos os sexos e todas as faixas etárias, observou-se uma redução de 49% na incidência de casos. Conclusão houve uma redução significativa na incidência da doença considerando a população geral do município. Contribuições para a prática: a disponibilidade e adoção de medidas tradicionais de saúde pública, como o lockdown, mostraram-se essenciais para reduzir casos e óbitos de doenças de vírus respiratórios emergentes sem tratamento e vacina.

ABSTRACT Objective to assess the effects of lockdown on the incidence of COVID-19 during the health emergency phase of the pandemic. Methods this is a cross-sectional ecological study. Data was collected from the websites of the State Data Analysis System Foundation and Araraquara City Hall. To analyze the incidence of COVID-19, cases reported in the municipality were considered. A regression model with a negative binomial distribution and a logarithmic link function was used to compare the periods in terms of daily cases. Results for all age groups except those under 20, there was a statistical difference in the incidence coefficients. For females, the decline in the incidence of the disease was more significant. Considering both sexes and all age groups, there was a 49% reduction in the incidence of cases. Conclusion there was a significant reduction in the incidence of the disease in the general population of the municipality. Contributions to practice: the availability and adoption of traditional public health measures, such as lockdown, proved essential to reducing cases and deaths from emerging respiratory virus diseases without treatment or vaccine.

Conhecimento de equipes de enfermagem quanto às manifestações clínicas e grupo de risco para COVID-19 / Knowledge of nursing teams regarding clinical manifestations and risk group for COVID-19 / Conocimiento de los equipos de enfermería sobre manifestaciones clínicas y grupos de riesgo para COVID-19

Objetivo: comparar o conhecimento de enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem atutentes em Unidades de Pronto Atendimento quanto ao reconhecimento de manifestações clínicas e grupos de risco para o desenvolvimento da forma grave da COVID-19. Método: estudo descritivo, realizado com 53 profissionais de três unidades de pronto atendimento, com coleta de dados realizada por meio de questionário autorrespondido. Dados analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial (testes t-student e qui-quadrado). Protocolo de pesquisa aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição. Resultados: destaca-se uma associação entre a citação de manifestações clínicas como náuseas e vômitos, grupos de risco e a função, enfermeiros ou técnicos de enfermagem (p<0,05) e o nível de formação, ou seja, os enfermeiros relataram com maior frequência a presença desses sintomas que os técnicos de enfermagem. Conclusão: os profissionais de enfermagem apresentam conhecimento quanto a sintomatologia e grupos de risco, ainda que haja diferença entre o nível profissional.

Objective: to compare the knowledge of nurses and nursing technicians working in Emergency Care Units regarding the recognition of clinical manifestations and risk groups for the development of the severe form of COVID-19. Method: descriptive study, carried out with 53 professionals from three emergency care units, with data collection carried out through a self-answered questionnaire. Data analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (t-student and chi-square tests). Research protocol approved by the institution's Research Ethics Committee. Results: an association stands out between the mention of clinical manifestations such as nausea and vomiting, risk groups and the role, nurses or nursing technicians (p<0.05) and the level of training, that is, nurses reported with the presence of these symptoms was more frequent than nursing technicians. Conclusion: nursing professionals have knowledge regarding symptoms and risk groups, even if there is a difference between the professional level.

Objetivo: comparar los conocimientos de enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería que trabajan en Unidades de Atención de Emergencia sobre el reconocimiento de manifestaciones clínicas y grupos de riesgo para el desarrollo de la forma grave de COVID-19. Método: estudio descriptivo, realizado con 53 profesionales de tres unidades de atención de emergencia, con recolección de datos realizada a través de un cuestionario auto respondido. Datos analizados mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial (pruebas t de Student y chi-cuadrado). Protocolo de investigación aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la institución. Resultados: se destaca asociación entre la mención de manifestaciones clínicas como náuseas y vómitos, grupos de riesgo y el rol, enfermeros o técnicos de enfermería (p<0,05) y el nivel de formación, es decir, los enfermeros reportaron la presencia de estos síntomas. fue más frecuente que los técnicos de enfermería. Conclusión: los profesionales de enfermería tienen conocimientos sobre síntomas y grupos de riesgo, aunque exista diferencia entre el nivel profesional.

Organização e assistência da atenção primária à saúde no enfrentamento da COVID-19 / Organization and assistance of primary health care facing COVID-19 / Organización y asistencia de la atención primaria de salud en el enfrentamiento al COVID-19

Objetivo: analisar a organização e assistência dos serviços da Atenção Primária à Saúde no enfrentamento da COVID-19. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 49 profissionais da saúde de unidades básicas de saúde e estratégia de saúde da família no município de São Carlos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário auto respondido no período de maio de 2021 a fevereiro de 2022. As associações foram analisadas por teste qui-quadrado e estimadas as razões de prevalência. O protocolo de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comite de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: a identificação de sinais e sintomas do paciente, orientações sobre as medidas de prevenção e verificação da disponibilidade de leitos em hospitais de referência, foram variáveis que se apresentaram diferentes entre os serviços de saúde. Conclusão: a APS exerce papel central no enfrentamento da pandemia, com necessidade de os gestores identificarem as fragilidades e direcionarem ações de educação permanente diante de novos cenários.

Objective: to analyze the organization and assistance of Primary Health Care services facing COVID-19. Method: cross-sectional study carried out with 49 health professionals from basic health units and family health strategy in the city of São Carlos. Data were collected through a self-answered questionnaire from May 2021 to February 2022. Associations were analyzed using the chi-square test and prevalence ratios were estimated. The research protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: identification of the patient's signs and symptoms, guidance on prevention measures and checking the availability of beds in reference hospitals were variables that differed between health services. Conclusion: Primary Health Care services play a central role facing COVID-19 pandemic, with managers needing to identify weaknesses and direct ongoing education actions in the face of new scenarios.

Objetivo: analizar la organización y asistencia de los servicios de Atención Primaria de Salud en el combate al COVID-19. Método: estudio transversal realizado con 49 profesionales de la salud de unidades básicas de salud y estrategia de salud de la familia de la ciudad de São Carlos. Los datos se recolectaron a través de un cuestionario de auto respuesta desde mayo de 2021 hasta febrero de 2022. Se analizaron las asociaciones mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado y se estimaron las razones de prevalencia. El protocolo de investigación lo aprobó el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: la identificación de los signos y síntomas del paciente, las orientaciones sobre medidas de prevención y la verificación de la disponibilidad de camas en los hospitales de referencia fueron variables que difirieron entre los servicios de salud. Conclusión: La APS juega un papel central en el enfrentamiento a la pandemia, siendo necesario que los gestores identifiquen debilidades y orienten acciones educativas continuas ante nuevos escenarios.

Perfil epidemiológico e tendência temporal da incidência de hiv/aids em adultos no brasil / Epidemiological profile and time trend of hiv/aids incidence in adults in brazil

Introdução: HIV/AIDs é um problema de saúde pública com mudanças epidemiológicas mundiais. Objetivo: Analisar a tendência dos coeficientes de incidência de Aids e possíveis pontos de mudanças em adultos de 20 a 59 anos no Brasil, por região, no período de 2010 a 2017. Método: Estudo ecológico de série temporal e local, com dados referentes aos anos de 2010 a 2017, coletados no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, sobre as doenças referidas, e os dados populacionais no site do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Os casos foram divididos por regiões do Brasil, além de sexo e faixa etária. Para analisar as mudanças nas incidências anuais por sexo e faixa etária foi utilizado um modelo de regressão do Joinpoint. Resultados: A Aids apresentou tendência crescente entre indivíduos do sexo masculino de 20 a 29 anos nas regiões Centro-Oeste, Nordeste e Norte e se manteve, em sua maioria, estacionária nas demais faixas-etárias em ambos os sexos. Conclusão: Nota-se a necessidade de fortalecer a equipe de Atenção Primária à Saúde e seu papel na prevenção da Aids bem como a ampliação dos serviços especializados nas demais regiões, além do Sudeste e do Sul. Ações de prevenção direcionadas ao público masculino devem ser estimuladas, e também discutidas em ambiente escolar, de forma contínua, com os jovens

Introduction: HIV/AIDs is a public health problem with worldwide epidemiological changes. Objective: To analyze the trend in AIDS incidence coefficients and possible points of change in adults aged 20 to 59 in Brazil, by region, from 2010 to 2017. Method: Ecological study of time and local series, with data referring to the years 2010 to 2017, collected in the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System, on the diseases referred to, and population data on the website of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The cases were divided by regions of Brazil, in addition to sex and age group. To analyze changes in annual incidences by sex and age group, a Joinpoint regression model was used. Results: AIDS showed an increasing trend among male individuals aged 20 to 29 years in the Central-West, Northeast and North regions and remained, for the most part, stationary in the other age groups in both sexes. Conclusion: There is a need to strengthen the Primary Health Care team and its role in preventing AIDS, as well as expanding specialized services in other regions, in addition to the Southeast and South. Prevention actions aimed at the male public must be stimulated, and also discussed in a school environment, on an ongoing basis, with young people

Introducción: El VIH/SIDA es un problema de salud pública con cambios epidemiológicos a nivel mundial. Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia de los coeficientes de incidencia del SIDA y posibles puntos de cambio en adultos de 20 a 59 años en Brasil, por región, de 2010 a 2017. Método: Estudio ecológico de series temporales y locales, con datos referentes a los años de 2010 a 2017, recolectados en el Departamento de Tecnología de la Información del Sistema Único de Salud, sobre las enfermedades referidas, y datos poblacionales en el sitio web del Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística. Los casos fueron divididos por regiones de Brasil, además de sexo y grupo de edad. Para analizar la evolución de la incidencia anual por sexo y grupo de edad se utilizó un modelo de regresión de Joinpoint. Resultados: El SIDA mostró tendencia creciente entre los varones de 20 a 29 años de las regiones Centro-Oeste, Nordeste y Norte y permaneció, en su mayor parte, estacionario en los demás grupos etarios de ambos sexos. Conclusión: Es necesario fortalecer el equipo de Atención Primaria de Salud y su papel en la prevención del SIDA, así como ampliar los servicios especializados en otras regiones, además del Sudeste y Sur, estimular acciones de prevención dirigidas al público masculino y También se discute en el ambiente escolar, de manera permanente, con los jóvenes

Heavy Metal Tolerance of Microorganisms Isolated from Coastal Marine Sediments and Their Lead Removal Potential.

In this study, 338 microorganisms, comprising 271 bacteria and 67 fungi, were isolated from sediment samples collected from underexplored Pacific and Caribbean regions of Colombia. Screening trials were conducted on selected strains (n = 276) to assess their tolerance to cadmium (Cd2+), lead (Pb2+), and zinc (Zn2+), leading to the identification of six bacteria capable of withstanding 750 mg·L-1 of each heavy metal ion. Three promising microorganisms, identified as Enterobacter sp. INV PRT213, Pseudomonas sp. INV PRT215, and Stenotrophomonas sp. INV PRT216 were selected for lead removal experiments using LB broth medium supplemented with 400 mg·L-1 Pb2+. Among these, Pseudomonas sp. INV PRT215 exhibited significant potential, removing 49% of initial Pb2+ after 240 min of exposure (16.7 g wet biomass·L-1, pH 5, 30 °C). Infrared spectra of Pb-exposed biomass showed changes in functional groups, including carbonyl groups of amides, carboxylate, phosphate, hydroxyl, and amine groups, compared to the not-exposed control. These changes suggested interactions between the metal and functional groups in the biomass. The findings of this study highlight the potential of microorganisms derived from coastal marine environments as promising candidates for future applications in bioremediation of polluted environments contaminated with heavy metals.

Testing the trade-balance model: resource stoichiometry does not sufficiently explain AM effects.

Variations in arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) effects on plant growth (MGR) are commonly assumed to result from cost : benefit balances, with C as the cost and, most frequently, P as the benefit. The trade-balance model (TBM) adopts these assumptions and hypothesizes that mycorrhizal benefit depends on C : N : P stoichiometry. Although widely accepted, the TBM has not been experimentally tested. We isolated the parameters included in the TBM and tested these assumptions using it as framework. Oryza sativa plants were supplied with different N : P ratios at low light level, establishing different C : P and C : N exchange rates, and C, N or P limitation. MGR and effects on nutrient uptake, %M, ERM, photosynthesis and shoot starch were measured. C distribution to AM fungi played no role in MGR, and N was essential for all AM effects, including on P nutrition. C distribution to AM and MGR varied with the limiting nutrient (N or P), and evidence of extensive interplay between N and P was observed. The TBM was not confirmed. The results agreed with the exchange of surplus resources and source-sink regulation of resource distribution among plants and AMF. Rather than depending on exchange rates, resource exchange may simply obey both symbiont needs, not requiring further regulation.

Rapid and Green Classification Method of Bacteria Using Machine Learning and NIR Spectroscopy.

Green Chemistry is a vital and crucial instrument in achieving pollution control, and it plays an important role in helping society reach the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). NIR (near-infrared spectroscopy) has been utilized as an alternate technique for molecular identification, making the process faster and less expensive. Near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms were utilized in this study to construct identification and classification models of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Listeria monocytogenes. Furthermore, divide these bacteria into Gram-negative and Gram-positive groups. The green and quick approach was created by combining NIR spectroscopy with a diffuse reflectance accessory. Using infrared spectral data and ML techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), It was feasible to accomplish the identification and classification of four bacteria and classify these bacteria into two groups: Gram-positive and Gram-negative, with 100% accuracy. We may conclude that our study has a high potential for bacterial identification and classification, as well as being consistent with global policies of sustainable development and green analytical chemistry.

Impact of COVID-19 Containment Measures on Unemployment: A Multi-country Analysis Using a Difference-in-Differences Framework.

BACKGROUND: At the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in the absence of pharmaceutical interventions, countries resorted to containment measures to stem the spread of the disease. In this paper, we have conducted a global study using a sample of 46 countries to evaluate whether these containment measures resulted in unemployment. METHODS: We use a difference-in-differences (DID) specification with a heterogenous intervention to show the varying intensity effect of containment measures on unemployment, on a sample of 46 countries. We explain variations in unemployment from January-June 2020 using stringency of containment measures, controlling for gross domestic product (GDP) growth, inflation rate, exports, cases of COVID-19 per million, COVID-19-specific fiscal spending, time fixed effects, region fixed effects, and region trends. We conduct further subset analyses by COVID-cases quintiles and gross national income (GNI) per capita quintiles. RESULTS: The median level of containment stringency in our sample was 43.7. Our model found that increasing stringency to this level would result in unemployment increasing by 1.87 percentage points (or 1.67 pp, after controlling for confounding). For countries with below median COVID-19 cases and below median GNI per capita, this effect is larger. CONCLUSION: Containment measures have a strong impact on unemployment. This effect is larger in poorer countries and countries with low COVID-19 cases. Given that unemployment has profound effects on mortality and morbidity, this consequence of containment measures may compound the adverse health effects of the pandemic for the most vulnerable groups. It is necessary for governments to consider this in future pandemic management, and to attempt to alleviate the impact of containment measures via effective fiscal spending.

Advances in microbial pretreatment for biorefining of perennial grasses.

Perennial grasses are potentially abundant sources of biomass for biorefineries, which can produce high yields with low input requirements, and many added environmental benefits. However, perennial grasses are highly recalcitrant to biodegradation and may require pretreatment before undergoing many biorefining pathways. Microbial pretreatment uses the ability of microorganisms or their enzymes to deconstruct plant biomass and enhance its biodegradability. This process can enhance the enzymatic digestibility of perennial grasses, enabling saccharification with cellulolytic enzymes to produce fermentable sugars and derived fermentation products. Similarly, microbial pretreatment can increase the methanation rate when the grasses are used to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion. Microorganisms can also increase the digestibility of the grasses to improve their quality as animal feed, enhance the properties of grass pellets, and improve biomass thermochemical conversion. Metabolites produced by fungi or bacteria during microbial pretreatment, such as ligninolytic and cellulolytic enzymes, can be further recovered as added-value products. Additionally, the action of the microorganisms can release chemicals with commercialization potential, such as hydroxycinnamic acids and oligosaccharides, from the grasses. This review explores the recent advances and remaining challenges in using microbial pretreatment for perennial grasses with the goal of obtaining added-value products through biorefining. It emphasizes recent trends in microbial pretreatment such as the use of microorganisms as part of microbial consortia or in unsterilized systems, the use and development of microorganisms and consortia capable of performing more than one biorefining step, and the use of cell-free systems based on microbial enzymes. KEY POINTS: • Microorganisms or enzymes can reduce the recalcitrance of grasses for biorefining • Microbial pretreatment effectiveness depends on the grass-microbe interaction • Microbial pretreatment can generate value added co-products to enhance feasibility.

Percepção da equipe de enfermagem no manejo da dor no recém-nascido / Perception of the nursing team in pain management newborn

Introdução: Recém-nascidos de qualquer idade gestacional são capazes de reconhecer, processar e responder a estímulos dolorosos. Garantir a segurança e alívio do tratamento da dor é uma responsabilidade ética do profissional da saúde, pois é reconhecido que a maior parte da dor testada em bebês pode ser precavida ou aliviada. Objetivo: Compreender a percepção dos profissionais de enfermagem no manejo da dor no recém-nascido. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de um hospital escola do interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A amostragem empregada foi intencional, com a participação de 11 profissionais, enfermeiros e técnicos em enfermagem. A coleta de dados se deu através de entrevista audiogravada em mídia digital portátil, guiada por uma pergunta norteadora. A análise de dados foi realizada com base na Análise de Conteúdo Temática de Bardin. Resultados: Emergiram três categorias temáticas: Métodos no manejo da dor do recém-nascido, Práticas de humanização e Percepção da avaliação da dor do recém-nascido, demonstrando que a equipe de enfermagem apresenta conhecimento e técnicas abrangentes em relação à percepção no manejo da dor do recém-nascido. Conclusão: Compreender a percepção dos profissionais de enfermagem no manejo da dor no recém nascido é importante, entretanto faz-se necessário a implantação de atividades que amplifiquem o conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem para adequado tratamento e controle da dor no RN

Introduction: Newborns of any gestational age are able to recognize, process and respond to painful stimuli. Ensuring the safety and relief of pain treatment is an ethical responsibility of the health professional, as it is recognized that most pain tested in infants can be cautious or relieved. Objective: To understand the perception of nursing professionals in the management of pain in the newborn. Method: This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a teaching hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The sample used was intentional, with the participation of 11 professionals, nurses and nursing technicians. Data collection took place through an audio interview recorded on portable digital media, guided by a guiding question. Data analysis was performed based on Bardin's Thematic Content Analysis. Results: Three thematic categories emerged: Methods in the management of newborn pain, Humanization practices and Perception of newborn pain assessment nursing team presents comprehensive knowledge and techniques in relation to the perception in the management of pain of the newborn. Conclusion: Understanding the perception of nursing professionals in the management of pain in newborns is important, however, it is necessary to implement activities that expand the knowledge of the nursing team for adequate treatment and control of pain in newborns

Introducción: Los recién nacidos de cualquier edad gestacional son capaces de reconocer, procesar y responder a estímulos dolorosos. Garantizar la seguridad y el alivio del manejo del dolor es una responsabilidad ética del profesional de la salud, ya que se reconoce que la mayoría de los dolores probados en los bebés se pueden prevenir o aliviar. Objetivo: Comprender la percepción de los profesionales de enfermería sobre el manejo del dolor en el recién nacido. Método: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con abordaje cualitativo, realizado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales de un hospital escuela del interior del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. El muestreo utilizado fue intencional, con la participación de 11 profesionales, enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas grabadas en audio en medios digitales portátiles, guiadas por una pregunta orientadora. El análisis de datos se realizó con base en el Análisis de Contenido Temático de Bardin. Resultados: Surgieron tres categorías temáticas: Métodos para el manejo del dolor en el recién nacido, Prácticas de humanización y Evaluación de la percepción del dolor en el recién nacido, demostrando que el equipo de enfermería posee conocimientos y técnicas integrales en relación a la percepción en el manejo del dolor del recién nacido. Conclusión: Comprender la percepción de los profesionales de enfermería en el manejo del dolor en el recién nacido es importante, sin embargo, es necesario implementar actividades que amplíen el conocimiento del equipo de enfermería para el adecuado tratamiento y control del dolor en el recién nacido

Evaluation of Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) for malaria control in an endemic area in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Most cases of malaria in Brazil are concentrated in the Amazon region. One of the vector control alternatives recommended by the WHO is the long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN). This tool is used in the nine federal states of the Brazilian Legal Amazon, where LLINs are essential for reducing vector density and disease transmission as they prevent contact between the mosquito and the individual. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residuality and use of LLIN insecticides in different health regions in a city located in the Brazilian Amazon. METHODS: A total of 17,027 LLINs were installed in the third, fifth and ninth health regions of the municipality of Porto Velho, Rondonia State, Brazil. The LLINs were of two types: Olyset (permethrin), for around the bed, and Interceptor (alphacypermethrin), for around hammocks. The residuality of 172 LLINs was evaluated using cone bioassays to verify the mortality rate of the mosquito Nyssorhynchus darlingi, over a period of 2 years. Structured questionnaires on the acceptance and use of LLINs were distributed to the participating population (n = 391), covering a total sample of 1147 mosquito nets. The mortality rate was evaluated both in terms of days after LLIN installation and the type of insecticide used. Statistical analyses were based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square and were performed using the SPSS statistical program. RESULTS: For the Ny. darlingi mosquito, Interceptor-type LLINs showed residual efficacy, with mortality rates ≥ 80% during the 2-year study period, as determined by the WHO. In contrast, Olyset-type LLINs were associated with a reduction in mortality rates, with 76% and 45% mortality rates in the last two assessments, which occurred during the last 6 months of the study period. Based on the structured questionnaires, the acceptance rate, i.e. percentage of individuals accepting the permanence of the 1147 LLINs sampled, in the three health regions of Porto Velho was 93.8% (of 1076 LLINs). CONCLUSION: The alphacypermethrin-impregnated LLIN was more effective than the LLIN impregnated with permethrin. The results indicate that the correct use of mosquito nets-and consequently the protection of the population-needs to be supported by health promotion actions. These initiatives are considered to be essential for the success of this vector control strategy. New studies that consider the monitoring of the placement of mosquito nets are necessary to provide effective support in the correct use of this methodology.

The EU-funded I3LUNG Project: Integrative Science, Intelligent Data Platform for Individualized LUNG Cancer Care With Immunotherapy.

Although immunotherapy (IO) has changed the paradigm for the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancers (aNSCLC), only around 30% to 50% of treated patients experience a long-term benefit from IO. Furthermore, the identification of the 30 to 50% of patients who respond remains a major challenge, as programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) is currently the only biomarker used to predict the outcome of IO in NSCLC patients despite its limited efficacy. Considering the dynamic complexity of the immune system-tumor microenvironment (TME) and its interaction with the host's and patient's behavior, it is unlikely that a single biomarker will accurately predict a patient's outcomes. In this scenario, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are becoming essential to the development of powerful decision-making tools that are able to deal with this high-complexity and provide individualized predictions to better match treatments to individual patients and thus improve patient outcomes and reduce the economic burden of aNSCLC on healthcare systems. I3LUNG is an international, multicenter, retrospective and prospective, observational study of patients with aNSCLC treated with IO, entirely funded by European Union (EU) under the Horizon 2020 (H2020) program. Using AI-based tools, the aim of this study is to promote individualized treatment in aNSCLC, with the goals of improving survival and quality of life, minimizing or preventing undue toxicity and promoting efficient resource allocation. The final objective of the project is the construction of a novel, integrated, AI-assisted data storage and elaboration platform to guide IO administration in aNSCLC, ensuring easy access and cost-effective use by healthcare providers and patients.

Arterial stiffness indices, pulse wave velocity and central systolic blood pressure, are able to discriminate between obese and non-obese children.

The objectives of this study were to verify, first, if arterial stiffness indices can discriminate between obese and healthy children. Second, to evaluate arterial stiffness index predictors and hemodynamic parameters in obese children. Arterial stiffness indices evaluated were pulse wave velocity (PWV), central systolic blood pressure (SBPc), and central pulse pressure (PPc). A cross-sectional, descriptive, comparative study design was used. The sample consisted of 78 normal-weight children (8.1 ± 1.96 years) and 58 obese children (9.0 ± 1.87 years). PWV, PPc, and SBPc were significantly higher in the group of obese children than in the control group. The ROC curve analysis showed that maximum PWV and SBPc sensitivity and specificity in differentiating obese from non-obese children occurred at 4.09 m/s and 86.17 mmHg, respectively. PPc did not exhibit a discriminatory capacity between the two groups. Peripheral systolic blood pressure (SBPp), peripheral pulse pressure (PPp), and PPc (R2 = 0.98) were predictors of increased PWV. Augmentation pressure, PPp, and reflection coefficient (R2 = 0.873) were predictors of PPc. Age, augmentation index, total vascular resistance, cardiac index, and mean fat percentage (R2 = 0.801) were predictors of SBPc. CONCLUSION: This study shows for the first time that PWV > 4.09 m/s and SBPc > 86.17 mmHg are cut-off points associated with a higher risk of obesity. These results indicate that the simple, rapid, and noninvasive measurement of arterial stiffness adds prognostic information regarding cardiovascular risk, in addition to increased body mass index. WHAT IS KNOWN: • Overweight and obesity are strongly associated with comorbidities que contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. WHAT IS NEW: • This is the first study to show that PWV and SBPc can discriminate obese from non-obese children. These results show that, in addition to an increased BMI, a simple, rapid, and noninvasive measurement of arterial stiffness adds prognostic information on cardiovascular risk.